Smart Deployment
CTE has successfully guided hundreds of fleet operators to deploy zero-emission vehicles. Because electric vehicles aren’t always a 1:1 replacement for their diesel and CNG counterparts, CTE’s established project management approach and proprietary modeling program ensure project success.
Our Approach
CTE’s Smart Deployment Methodology is specifically designed to help fleet owners understand zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) technologies and how to successfully deploy them. Our team of experts has a proven track record of guiding fleets through the entire deployment process, from planning to implementation.
The cornerstone of CTE’s approach is to apply our ZEV engineering tools to match fleet requirements with the right ZEV technologies and operational strategies. CTE equips fleet owners with a robust understanding of the ZEV market and technology options, as well as the impact that these options have on operational strategies and related costs.
"CTE has been an important partner as we look to the future of zero-emission BEBs. They have applied our specific regional characteristics like climate, topography, route distance, and passenger loads, to industry cost and performance data to help Spokane Transit Authority (STA) develop an informed fleet electrification plan."
Smart Deployment Services
CTE helps the fleet owner develop a project management plan to guide their zero-emission vehicle project. CTE collaborates with the fleet owner to define project objectives and scope, identify resources, and develop a detailed project schedule and implementation plan. The project plan is then presented at the project kickoff meeting held with key team members and stakeholders.
CTE’s modeling suite uses our proprietary engineering and analysis tools to develop an independent operational analysis that helps the fleet owner match ZEV technologies to service requirements.
Vehicle & Route Modeling – CTE gathers data on routes, technical specifications of the vehicle and charging or refueling equipment, and operational assumptions. This route and vehicle information is used to model the vehicles’ duty cycles, simulating vehicle performance on selected routes. The process also ensures that adequate power and energy storage specifications are met and inform fueling and charging strategies.
Fueling Infrastructure Modeling – For battery electric vehicle deployments, CTE defines charging scenarios to model electricity consumption and assess charging equipment requirements. Modeling results for electricity inform infrastructure procurement and operational decisions. For fuel cell electric vehicle deployments, CTE will determine daily hydrogen consumption and station throughput requirements given the fleet owner’s refueling window. CTE will also estimate a station scale-up plan as a starting point for fueling station design discussions.
Fuel Cost Modeling – CTE examines electric utility rate structures to estimate the annual cost of energy to charge battery electric vehicles. CTE works with the fleet owner and local utility providers to determine rate schedules that would be the most advantageous for supporting battery electric vehicle deployments. For fuel cell electric vehicle deployments, CTE will identify likely sources of hydrogen supply, evaluate hydrogen supply reliability, and estimate the cost of hydrogen.
Based on the modeling outputs, CTE helps fleet owners develop vehicle and infrastructure technical specifications to meet service requirements. The specifications can then be used as part of a competitive procurement or to develop a contract with a named vendor. CTE also provides advisory services throughout the design and build process.
If the fleet owner chooses to select a vehicle, charging, hydrogen refueling station, or facility modification vendor through a competitive procurement, CTE supports the fleet owner in the procurement process, including the preparation of Requests for Proposals (RFP), technical evaluation of proposals, vendor demonstrations, site visits to vendor facilities, vendor negotiations, and contracting.
Before the delivered vehicles enter service, CTE runs a series of tests to validate the expected levels of vehicle performance. If there are any discrepancies between the modeled and the tested performance, CTE will work with the fleet owner to analyze these discrepancies and reevaluate operational decisions before the fleet owner places the vehicles into service.
CTE collects operational data to generate a series of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to measure benefits and ensure the vehicles perform as expected. KPIs can be used to compare ZEV performance against the fleet owner’s current vehicle fleet by measuring and reporting mileage, fuel consumption and costs, maintenance costs, battery degradation, and efficiency and range under varying conditions. This information is used to assess energy savings, cost savings, and emissions reductions to measure performance against expectations and goals and to validate the operating model. Continuous KPI monitoring establishes an understanding of the technology that can be applied to future ZEV procurements, deployments, and long-range fleet management planning.
CTE employs a project management methodology specifically designed for zero-emission vehicle deployments and augmented by established project management, administration, reporting, and controls processes. CTE provides technical advisory services throughout the project to ensure that fleet owner staff understand the differences in technology and the best practices for deploying and operating ZEVs. CTE’s Smart Deployment Methodology is designed to address all aspects of a successful implementation including planning, requirements analysis, specifications, workforce development requirements, operator and maintenance training, testing and validation, and performance evaluation.
Smart Deployment Project Spotlights
Duluth Transit: Overcoming Challenges of Cold-Weather Bus Deployment
CTE wrote and won a proposal on behalf of the Duluth Transit Authority (DTA) to deploy six battery electric buses in one of the coldest climates in the US, where temperatures as low as -20°F are common in winter. As the deployment was originally designed, charging was planned on route and DTA would have to adjust long-existing schedules to accommodate the new technology. Using our proprietary bus, route, and rate modeling, CTE was able to clearly identify the challenges of the deployment as proposed and recommend a better solution. The result included depot-charged buses with larger batteries and auxiliary heaters. Battery electric technology still has its shortcomings in this extreme environment, but CTE is moving the entire industry forward as we establish best practices.
Champaign-Urbana MTD: Sustainable Transit Solutions supported by end-to-end Smart Deployment services
The Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE) is collaborating with the Champaign-Urbana Mass Transit District (MTD) to deploy their first ten 40’ fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs). This initiative builds on CTE’s established partnership with MTD, which includes ongoing support and data reporting for their existing fleet of 60’ FCEBs.
To prepare for the integration of the 40’ buses, CTE collaborated with New Flyer and Trillium, MTD’s hydrogen station operator, to assess fleet fuel usage, fueling time expectations, and station control strategies. These efforts ensured the station’s capacity could accommodate the additional buses.
CTE continues to provide MTD with monthly key performance indicator (KPI) reports for its fleet. These reports offer insights into bus and hydrogen station performance, environmental impacts, and operational efficiency. To enhance usability, CTE recently developed a dynamic dashboard that compiles and visualizes these data streams, offering MTD a comprehensive overview of fleet and station performance.
MTD’s new 40’ FCEBs are now in revenue service, marking another milestone in their transition to sustainable transit solutions. With CTE’s comprehensive Smart Deployment Services, including operational support, technical expertise, and data-driven insights, MTD is advancing its commitment to zero-emission transit while optimizing fleet performance.